Georgia O'Keeffe: A Visionary in Color and Form
| Date of Birth : 15th November 1887 |
| Died : 6th March 1986 |
| Place of Birth : Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, USA |
| Father : Francis Calyxtus O'Keeffe |
| Mother : Ida Totto O'Keeffe |
| Spouse/Partner : Alfred Stieglitz |
| Alma Mater : School of the Art Institute of Chicago |
| Professions : American Modernist Artist |
Overview
Georgia O'Keeffe, an American modernist artist, remains a prominent figure in the art world, celebrated for her unique perspective and innovative approach to depicting the natural world. Born on November 15, 1887, in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, O'Keeffe's artistic journey spanned several decades, leaving an indelible mark on the landscape of 20th-century American art. This article by Academic Block explores the life, career, and artistic contributions of Georgia O'Keeffe, delving into the evolution of her style, the influences that shaped her work, and the impact she has had on the art community.
Early Life and Education
Georgia Totto O'Keeffe was the second of seven children born to Francis Calyxtus O'Keeffe and Ida Totto O'Keeffe. Growing up on a farm, O'Keeffe developed an early appreciation for nature, which would later become a central theme in her artistic endeavors. Her parents recognized her artistic talents at a young age and encouraged her to pursue her passion.
O'Keeffe attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and later the Art Students League in New York. During her formative years as an artist, she experimented with various styles and techniques, navigating the influences of teachers and contemporaries. She studied under renowned artists, such as Arthur Wesley Dow, who emphasized the importance of composition and form, leaving a lasting impact on O'Keeffe's artistic philosophy.
Early Career and the Stieglitz Connection
In 1916, O'Keeffe accepted a teaching position at West Texas State Normal College (now West Texas A&M University). The stark landscapes of Texas made a profound impression on her, influencing the development of her distinct artistic voice. It was during this time that she began a correspondence with Alfred Stieglitz, a prominent photographer and gallery owner in New York.
Stieglitz, recognizing O'Keeffe's talent, exhibited her work at his gallery, 291. The two developed a deep personal and professional relationship, eventually leading to marriage in 1924. Stieglitz's influence on O'Keeffe was substantial, and their connection played a crucial role in the trajectory of her career.
New York City and the Influence of Urban Life
Moving to New York City in the early 20th century marked a significant shift in O'Keeffe's artistic focus. While she continued to explore nature as a subject, she also found inspiration in the urban environment. Her paintings from this period depict skyscrapers and cityscapes with a unique blend of abstraction and precision, reflecting her fascination with the intersection of nature and human creation.
One of her iconic works from this era is "Radiator Building—Night, New York," painted in 1927. This piece captures the essence of the city at night, emphasizing the play of light and shadow on the architecture. O'Keeffe's ability to infuse the urban landscape with her distinctive style showcased her adaptability and willingness to evolve as an artist.
Abstraction and the Calla Lily Series
Georgia O'Keeffe is perhaps best known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, particularly the calla lily series. Beginning in the 1920s, O'Keeffe created a series of close-up, magnified flower paintings that transcended mere representation. Her approach to these botanical subjects involved intense color, strong composition, and a focus on the intricate details often overlooked in traditional depictions.
The calla lilies, with their sensual and phallic shapes, became a symbol of O'Keeffe's exploration of femininity, nature, and abstraction. "Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1," painted in 1932, stands as one of the most expensive paintings by a female artist ever sold at auction, underscoring the enduring significance of O'Keeffe's floral compositions.
New Mexico and the Desert Landscapes
In 1929, O'Keeffe visited New Mexico for the first time, an experience that would profoundly shape the next phase of her artistic career. The vast, arid landscapes and unique light of the American Southwest captivated her, leading her to make New Mexico her permanent home in 1949.
The desert became a central theme in O'Keeffe's work, inspiring a series of paintings that showcased her mastery of color and form. "Black Cross, New Mexico," painted in 1929, exemplifies O'Keeffe's ability to capture the stark beauty of the desert through simplified shapes and a restrained color palette.
Personal Life and Artistic Independence
Despite her marriage to Stieglitz, O'Keeffe fiercely guarded her artistic independence. She resented being labeled as Stieglitz's protégé or as a "woman artist." O'Keeffe's commitment to her own vision and the pursuit of her artistic instincts set her apart in an era when women artists faced challenges and biases.
Stieglitz's death in 1946 marked a significant turning point in O'Keeffe's life. She focused on solidifying her own legacy and continued to produce innovative and influential works. O'Keeffe's artistic independence and determination paved the way for future generations of women artists to break free from societal expectations and pursue their creative passions.
Major Works of Georgia O'Keeffe
Georgia O'Keeffe's body of work is vast and diverse, spanning several decades and encompassing various themes and subjects. Her ability to infuse ordinary objects with a sense of beauty and abstraction has left an indelible mark on the art world. Below are some of Georgia O'Keeffe's major works, each representing a different phase in her artistic evolution.
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"Blue and Green Music" (1919): This early abstract work showcases O'Keeffe's experimentation with synesthetic experiences—translating music into visual art. The painting reflects her fascination with color, form, and the intersection of different art forms.
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"Black Iris" (1926): O'Keeffe's flower paintings, such as "Black Iris," are iconic representations of her ability to transform natural subjects into abstract compositions. The close-up view of the flower highlights her attention to detail and mastery of form.
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"Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue" (1931): This painting is a striking example of O'Keeffe's exploration of the American Southwest. The bleached cow skull against a vibrant sky captures the stark beauty of the New Mexico landscape, a theme that would become central to her later works.
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"Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1" (1932): Part of O'Keeffe's famous series of enlarged flowers, this painting is notable for its scale and the meticulous attention to the details of the white flower. It became one of the most expensive paintings by a female artist ever sold at auction.
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"Radiator Building—Night, New York" (1927): Reflecting O'Keeffe's time in New York City, this painting captures the energy and dynamism of urban life. The skyscraper is depicted with a blend of abstraction and precision, showcasing her adaptability to different subjects.
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"Pelvis Series" (1945-1946): O'Keeffe's fascination with bones is evident in her "Pelvis Series," where she explores the shapes and forms of animal pelvis bones. These paintings are a testament to her ability to find beauty and abstraction in seemingly ordinary and mundane subjects.
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"Sky Above Clouds IV" (1965): One of O'Keeffe's later works, this painting reflects her ongoing interest in the sky and clouds. The vast canvas depicts an aerial view, suggesting a sense of expansiveness and transcendence.
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"From the Lake No. 1" (1924): This painting is a departure from O'Keeffe's more detailed works. It captures the essence of a lake with simplified forms and bold use of color, showcasing her evolving approach to abstraction.
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"Red Canna" (1923): Another example of O'Keeffe's flower paintings, "Red Canna" features a close-up view of the vibrant red canna lily. The painting exemplifies her ability to convey the emotional and sensual aspects of nature through her art.
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"City Night" (1926): In this painting, O'Keeffe continues her exploration of the urban landscape. The composition captures the essence of a city at night, with buildings illuminated by electric lights, showcasing her unique perspective on the interaction between nature and human creation.
These major works only scratch the surface of Georgia O'Keeffe's prolific career. Her oeuvre includes landscapes, skyscrapers, bones, flowers, and abstract forms, all of which contribute to her legacy as a pioneering figure in American modernist art. O'Keeffe's ability to find beauty in the details of the world around her, coupled with her dedication to artistic independence, has left an enduring impact on the art world.
Legacy and Impact on American Art
Georgia O'Keeffe's legacy extends beyond her artistic contributions. Her ability to infuse ordinary subjects with a profound sense of beauty and meaning challenged traditional notions of art. O'Keeffe's work has been the subject of numerous retrospectives, cementing her place in the pantheon of American artists.
The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, established in 1997, stands as a testament to her enduring influence. The museum houses a vast collection of O'Keeffe's paintings, drawings, and personal effects, providing visitors with a comprehensive view of her life and work.
O'Keeffe's impact on American art continues to resonate, inspiring contemporary artists across various disciplines. Her ability to capture the essence of the natural world in a way that transcends realism, her dedication to artistic exploration, and her unwavering commitment to personal and creative autonomy make her a trailblazer in the history of art.
Final Words
Georgia O'Keeffe's life and work represent a testament to the power of artistic vision and the ability to transcend societal expectations. From her early years in Wisconsin to the desert landscapes of New Mexico, O'Keeffe's artistic journey reflects a profound connection to nature and an unwavering commitment to expressing her unique perspective.
Her innovative approach to form, color, and composition has left an indelible mark on the art world, influencing generations of artists who followed in her footsteps. O'Keeffe's ability to capture the beauty of both the natural and urban environments, her exploration of abstraction, and her dedication to artistic independence have solidified her place as a pioneering figure in American art.
As we continue to explore the depths of Georgia O'Keeffe's body of work, we find a visual narrative that goes beyond the canvas, a narrative that speaks to the complexities of nature, the human experience, and the ever-evolving landscape of artistic expression. In O'Keeffe's world, the ordinary becomes extraordinary, and the art of seeing takes on a transformative power that transcends time and tradition. Do let us know your comments and suggestion so we can improve our upcoming articles. Thanks for reading!
This Article will answer your questions like:
Georgia O'Keeffe was a pioneering American artist, widely regarded as the "Mother of American Modernism." She is known for her distinctive paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes, which reflect her unique vision and artistic innovation.
Georgia O'Keeffe is often referred to as the "Mother of American Modernism." Her pioneering work in modernist painting, characterized by bold colors, abstract forms, and innovative compositions, played a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of American art in the 20th century.
Georgia O'Keeffe's largest painting is "Sky Above Clouds IV," created in 1965. This monumental work, measuring 8 by 24 feet, features her signature cloud motif, capturing the vastness and ethereal beauty of the sky as seen from an airplane, and exemplifies her innovative approach to scale and perspective.
Firstly, Georgia O'Keeffe was one of the first women to have a solo exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Secondly, she was married to the famous photographer Alfred Stieglitz, who was a major influence on her career. Thirdly, she lived to be 98 years old, continuing to create art well into her later years.
Georgia O'Keeffe's most famous works include "Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1," "Black Iris III," and "Sky Above Clouds IV." These paintings are celebrated for their bold use of color, innovative compositions, and ability to evoke the essence of their subjects with striking clarity.
Georgia O'Keeffe is known for her contributions to American Modernism, particularly her unique blend of realism and abstraction. Her work often features close-up views of natural forms, such as flowers and landscapes, rendered with bold colors and simplified shapes that highlight their underlying essence.
Common themes in Georgia O'Keeffe's paintings include flowers, bones, and the landscapes of New Mexico. Her work often explores the beauty of nature through a lens of abstraction, focusing on the forms, colors, and textures that make up her subjects.
Georgia O'Keeffe first visited New Mexico in 1929, and by 1949, she made it her permanent home. The stark, dramatic landscapes and unique cultural heritage of New Mexico profoundly influenced her work, inspiring some of her most iconic paintings.
The dramatic landscapes of New Mexico had a profound impact on Georgia O'Keeffe's art. The region's unique light, expansive vistas, and stark contrasts inspired her to create some of her most renowned works, capturing the essence of the Southwest with a bold and distinctive style.
Flowers hold significant importance in Georgia O'Keeffe's paintings. Her large-scale, close-up depictions of flowers, such as "Black Iris" and "Red Canna," invite viewers to explore their intricate details and vibrant colors, transforming them into powerful symbols of beauty and life.
Georgia O'Keeffe's marriage to Alfred Stieglitz significantly influenced her work. Stieglitz, a renowned photographer and art promoter, provided her with a platform to exhibit her work and introduced her to the avant-garde art scene. Their relationship fostered artistic growth and mutual inspiration, deeply impacting her career.
Abstraction played a pivotal role in Georgia O'Keeffe's art, allowing her to explore the essence of her subjects through simplified forms and bold colors. By abstracting natural elements, she created works that transcended literal representation, inviting viewers to experience the emotional and spiritual qualities of her subjects.
Famous quotes by Georgia O’Keeffe
“I have things in my head that are not like what anyone has taught me – shapes and ideas so near to me, so natural to my way of being and thinking that it hasn’t occurred to me to put them down.”
“I decided that if I could paint that flower in a huge scale, you could not ignore its beauty.”
“Nobody sees a flower—really—it is so small—we haven’t time—and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time.”
“I found I could say things with color and shapes that I couldn’t say any other way – things I had no words for.”
“The men liked to put me down as the best woman painter. I think I’m one of the best painters.”
“To create one’s world in any of the arts takes courage.”
“It is surprising to me to see how many people separate the objective from the abstract. Objective painting is not good painting unless it is good in the abstract sense. A hill or tree cannot make a good painting just because it is a hill or tree. It is lines and colors put together so that they say something.”
“I often lay on that bench looking up into the tree, past the trunk and up into the branches. It was particularly fine at night with the stars above the tree.”
“When I got to where I could handle that flower in paint, I had no further need to climb because I was already at the peak.”
“I’ll paint it big, and they will be surprised into taking time to look at it—I will make even busy New Yorkers take time to see what I see of flowers.”
“I hate flowers – I paint them because they’re cheaper than models and they don’t move.”
“I believe I would rather have Stieglitz like what I do than anyone else in the world. There is nothing anyone can say about me or my work that can hurt me.”
Controversies related to Georgia O’Keeffe
Artistic Interpretations and Gender Stereotypes: O’Keefee faced challenges associated with being a woman artist in a male-dominated art world. Some critics and observers attempted to interpret her work through the lens of gender stereotypes, particularly in relation to her flower paintings. This led to discussions about whether her flowers were overtly sexualized or if such interpretations were based on preconceived notions about women artists.
Marriage to Alfred Stieglitz: O’Keeffe’s relationship with Alfred Stieglitz, a prominent photographer and art dealer, was a source of both support and controversy. Their marriage was at times scrutinized, with some suggesting that O’Keeffe’s success was due to Stieglitz’s influence. O’Keeffe, however, fiercely asserted her artistic independence and resented being perceived solely as Stieglitz’s protégé.
Stieglitz’s Nude Photographs of O’Keeffe: Stieglitz, known for his avant-garde photography, took a series of intimate and revealing nude photographs of O’Keeffe. While some viewed these photographs as a celebration of the female form, others criticized them as intrusive or exploitative. The controversy surrounding these images sometimes overshadowed O’Keeffe’s artistic achievements.
Representations of Nature: O’Keeffe’s close-up depictions of flowers, bones, and other natural forms sparked debates about the nature of her abstraction. Some critics accused her of simplifying and distorting her subjects to the point where they became unrecognizable. O’Keeffe defended her approach, arguing that her intention was to express the essence of the objects rather than produce realistic representations.
Accusations of Plagiarism: O’Keeffe faced accusations of plagiarism in the 1920s when some claimed that her work resembled the Precisionist style of artist Charles Demuth. O’Keeffe vehemently denied these allegations, asserting that any similarities were coincidental and that her artistic vision was entirely her own.
Commercialization and Public Image: As O’Keeffe gained widespread acclaim, her public image became a subject of scrutiny. Some critics accused her of commercializing her art, especially as her paintings became highly sought after and fetched high prices. Critics argued that her fame was being capitalized upon, potentially compromising the purity of her artistic intentions.
Public Perception of New Mexico Landscapes: O’Keeffe’s move to New Mexico and her depictions of its landscapes were met with a range of responses. While many praised her for capturing the spirit of the region, some locals criticized her for presenting a stylized and romanticized version of the Southwest, which they felt did not authentically represent the complexities of the area.
Dispute Over Estate: After O’Keeffe’s death in 1986, there were disputes over her estate. The Georgia O’Keeffe Museum faced legal challenges from individuals claiming to be O’Keeffe’s rightful heirs. The resolution of these issues took several years.
Georgia O’Keeffe’s family life
Early Family Life: Georgia O’Keeffe was born on November 15, 1887, the second of seven children in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. Her parents were Francis Calyxtus O’Keeffe and Ida Totto O’Keeffe. The family lived on a dairy farm, and Georgia’s early experiences with nature on the farm influenced her love for the natural world.
Encouragement of Artistic Pursuits: O’Keeffe’s parents recognized her artistic talent at a young age. They supported and encouraged her creative endeavors, fostering an environment where she could explore her passion for art.
Education and Early Career: O’Keeffe pursued her interest in art by attending the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and later the Art Students League in New York. Her decision to study art was influenced by her family’s encouragement and belief in her artistic abilities.
Marriage to Alfred Stieglitz: O’Keeffe’s relationship with photographer and art dealer Alfred Stieglitz became a crucial aspect of her personal and professional life. They met in 1916, and Stieglitz played a significant role in promoting O’Keeffe’s work. They married in 1924.
Connection with Stieglitz’s Family: O’Keeffe became a part of Stieglitz’s family, developing relationships with his relatives. Her connection with the Stieglitz family provided her with a supportive network.
Homes and Studios: O’Keeffe and Stieglitz lived in New York City, where they had homes and studios. The Shelton Hotel, where they resided, became a gathering place for artists and intellectuals of the time.
Landscape of New Mexico: After Stieglitz’s death in 1946, O’Keeffe moved to New Mexico, where she found solace and inspiration in the desert landscape. She eventually made New Mexico her permanent home, and the surroundings influenced her work significantly.
Artistic Independence and Personal Life: O’Keeffe valued her independence, both artistically and personally. Despite her marriage to Stieglitz, she maintained her autonomy as an artist and resented being labeled solely as his protégé. After Stieglitz’s death, O’Keeffe focused on her own legacy, dedicating herself to her art and solidifying her place in the art world.
Later Years and Legacy: In her later years, O’Keeffe continued to paint and create, leaving a lasting legacy. Her family life, marked by significant relationships and personal choices, influenced the trajectory of her artistic career.
Final Years of Georgia O’Keeffe
Alfred Stieglitz’s Death (1946): In 1946, Alfred Stieglitz, O’Keeffe’s husband and a pivotal figure in the art world, passed away. His death marked the end of a complex and influential partnership. Despite their differences, O’Keeffe mourned his loss and felt the weight of the transition in her personal and artistic life.
Move to New Mexico (1949): After Stieglitz’s death, O’Keeffe spent more time in New Mexico, eventually making it her permanent residence in 1949. The desert landscapes and unique light of the American Southwest became central themes in her later works.
Exploration of New Subjects: In the years following Stieglitz’s death, O’Keeffe continued to experiment with new subjects and themes. She explored the play of light on landscapes, the intricacies of rocks and shells, and the expansive skies of the Southwest.
Fame and Recognition: O’Keeffe’s fame continued to grow, and her works gained widespread recognition. She became an iconic figure in American art, and retrospectives of her work were held in major museums, further solidifying her place in art history.
Focus on Abstraction: O’Keeffe’s later paintings often leaned towards abstraction, with a focus on simplified forms and bold use of color. She continued to experiment with different mediums, including watercolor and pastel, showcasing her versatility as an artist.
Connection with Nature: O’Keeffe’s connection with nature deepened during her time in New Mexico. She often took long walks in the desert, absorbing the sights and sounds of the landscape. This immersion in nature directly influenced her creative process.
Late Works and Recognition: In the 1970s and 1980s, O’Keeffe produced a significant body of late works, including paintings, drawings, and sculptures. These pieces showcased a continued commitment to her unique vision and artistic exploration.
Health Challenges: In her later years, O’Keeffe faced health challenges, including macular degeneration, which affected her eyesight. Despite these difficulties, she continued to create art, adapting her techniques to accommodate her changing vision.
Death and Legacy (1986): Georgia O’Keeffe passed away on March 6, 1986, at the age of 98, in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Her death marked the end of a remarkable artistic career that spanned several decades and left an indelible mark on American modernist art.
The Georgia O’Keeffe Museum: In 1997, the Georgia O’Keeffe Museum opened in Santa Fe, New Mexico, dedicated to preserving and showcasing O’Keeffe’s life and work. The museum provides a comprehensive view of her artistic legacy.
Facts on Georgia O’Keeffe
Art Early Life and Education: Georgia Totto O’Keeffe was born on November 15, 1887, in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, USA. She showed an early interest in art, and her parents encouraged her creative pursuits.
Art Education: O’Keeffe attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and later the Art Students League in New York. She studied under the influential artist and teacher Arthur Wesley Dow, who emphasized the importance of composition and design.
Early Career: O’Keeffe initially worked as an art teacher in Texas before returning to New York. Her early works included a mix of abstraction and experimentation with various styles.
Connection with Alfred Stieglitz: O’Keeffe’s artistic relationship with photographer and gallery owner Alfred Stieglitz played a crucial role in her career. Stieglitz, recognizing her talent, exhibited O’Keeffe’s work at his gallery, 291, and the two later married in 1924.
Floral Paintings: O’Keeffe’s enlarged flower paintings, particularly her iconic calla lily series, are among her most famous works. These paintings often featured close-up views of flowers, highlighting their intricate details and abstracting them from their natural context.
Urban Landscapes: During her time in New York City, O’Keeffe created paintings that depicted the urban landscape, including skyscrapers and cityscapes. “Radiator Building—Night, New York” (1927) is a notable example of her exploration of the cityscape.
Move to New Mexico: O’Keeffe first visited New Mexico in 1929, and the unique landscapes of the American Southwest profoundly influenced her work. She eventually made New Mexico her permanent home in 1949, finding inspiration in the desert and its distinctive light.
Nature and Bones: O’Keeffe was fascinated by the natural world, and her paintings often featured organic forms, landscapes, and bones. The pelvis bones series is an example of her exploration of the shapes and symbolism of bones.
Artistic Independence: O’Keeffe fiercely guarded her artistic independence and resented being labeled solely as Stieglitz’s protégé or as a “woman artist.” After Stieglitz’s death in 1946, O’Keeffe continued to produce innovative and influential works.
Legacy and Recognition: The Georgia O’Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, was established in 1997 to showcase her life and work. O’Keeffe is considered one of the most significant American artists of the 20th century, with a lasting impact on modernist art.
Lasting Influence: O’Keeffe’s work has influenced generations of artists, particularly for her ability to capture the essence of nature and ordinary objects in a way that transcends traditional representation.
Academic References on Georgia O’Keeffe
Books:
- “Georgia O’Keeffe: A Life” by Roxana Robinson (1989): This biography provides a comprehensive exploration of O’Keeffe’s life, delving into her relationships, artistic evolution, and the challenges she faced as a pioneering woman artist.
- “Georgia O’Keeffe: A Portrait” by Laurie Lisle (1986): Lisle’s biography offers insights into O’Keeffe’s personal and professional life, drawing on interviews with the artist and those who knew her.
- “Georgia O’Keeffe” by Britta Benke (2001): This book is part of the Taschen Basic Art Series, providing a concise yet informative overview of O’Keeffe’s life and art, accompanied by a collection of her most significant works.
- “Georgia O’Keeffe: An Eternal Spirit” by Susan Wright (1987): Wright’s book examines O’Keeffe’s life and work, emphasizing the spiritual and philosophical dimensions of her art.
- “O’Keeffe and Stieglitz: An American Romance” by Benita Eisler (1991): Eisler explores the complex and passionate relationship between O’Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz, shedding light on the dynamics of their marriage and artistic collaboration.
- “Portrait of an Artist: A Biography of Georgia O’Keeffe” by Laurie Lisle (1986): Another biography by Laurie Lisle, this book offers an in-depth examination of O’Keeffe’s life, career, and the cultural milieu in which she lived.
- “Georgia O’Keeffe: Living Modern” by Wanda M. Corn (2017): Accompanying an exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum, this book explores O’Keeffe’s distinctive style and personal fashion choices, providing a fresh perspective on her life.
- “Georgia O’Keeffe: Art and Letters” edited by Jack Cowart (1987):This book combines O’Keeffe’s correspondence with her own art, offering readers a unique insight into her thoughts and motivations.
Articles:
- “Georgia O’Keeffe: ‘I Want Real Things—Live People to Take Hold of—To See—And Talk To—Music That Makes Holes in the Sky—I Want to Love as Hard as I Can'” by Charles Demuth (1933): An article written by artist Charles Demuth, a contemporary of O’Keeffe, provides a glimpse into her personality and the impact of her art on those around her.
- “Georgia O’Keeffe at 100: A Centennial Retrospective” by Michael Kimmelman, The New York Times (1987): Published shortly after O’Keeffe’s death, this retrospective article reflects on her life and legacy, acknowledging her contributions to American art.
- “Georgia O’Keeffe: The New York Years” by Barbara Buhler Lynes, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin (2013): This article, published in conjunction with an exhibition, explores O’Keeffe’s formative years in New York and her evolving artistic style.
- “Georgia O’Keeffe’s Home and Art in New Mexico” by Charles Eldredge, Smithsonian Magazine (2016): An exploration of O’Keeffe’s life in New Mexico, examining the connection between her art and the landscapes that inspired her.